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Mortar or Mason Bee

Osmia spp.

Description:

Mortar or mason bees are solitary bees often found nesting in natural crevices within walls, stones, or wood. In the UK, the red mason bee is a common species, identifiable by its orange abdomen, brown thorax, and black head. These bees are docile and play a crucial role in pollination, particularly for fruit trees and oil-seed rape.

Additional Key Information:

SIZE: 0.8 – 1.5 cm long
DIET: Pollen and nectar, particularly from fruit trees and oil-seed rape
HABITAT: Natural crevices in walls, stones, and wood in built-up areas
DISTRIBUTION: Common in urban and rural areas across the UK

1. Physical Characteristics
Mason bees, particularly the red mason bee in the UK, have an orange abdomen, brown thorax, and black head. Female mason bees can be quite hairy, and although they look similar to mining bees, their habits differ. Mason bees are solitary, meaning they do not live in large colonies or produce honey or beeswax like other species of bees.

 

2. Nesting Habits
Mason bees nest in naturally occurring crevices, often found in walls, stones, or wood. They prefer these secure cavities to lay their eggs and store pollen. In built-up areas, they are commonly seen buzzing in front of walls as they search for crevices to nest. They are particularly common in areas with nearby fruit trees and gardens.

 

3. Solitary Nature
Unlike honeybees or bumblebees, mason bees do not have worker bees. They are solitary creatures, meaning each female is responsible for her own nest. Although they may nest close to each other, they do not work together as a colony, which distinguishes them from social bee species.

 

4. Docile Behavior and Stings
Mason bees are very docile and rarely sting unless provoked. Even when stung, their sting is not painful and poses little to no risk to humans. This makes them non-threatening and beneficial bees to have in gardens and areas with flowering plants.

 

5. Pollination Importance
These bees are excellent pollinators, particularly for fruit trees and crops like oil-seed rape. Their efficient pollination contributes to higher fruit yields, making them valuable in both urban and rural environments. Protecting these bees is vital for maintaining the biodiversity and productivity of gardens and orchards.

 

6. Building Concerns and Removal
While mason bees generally do not cause serious damage to buildings, their nesting habits can sometimes raise concerns about the integrity of walls and stone structures. If the fabric of a building is at risk, contacting a professional service like Beegone® is recommended. They specialize in the safe removal of bees and can perform minor building repairs, including on listed properties, to ensure the structure is protected.

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